OBJECTIVES

  1. This programme is designed to produce graduate who are employable as an industrial chemist, Quality Assurance Manager etc.
  2. To educate and train students to have a sound knowledge of chemical compounds and processes.
  3. To equip students to fully understand the science of Industrial Chemistry and for employment in Industries.

COURSE STRUCTURE

The course structure combines both theory and practical to ensure our students are well prepared.

Entry Requirements

The entry requirements shall be at least credit level passes in five subjects including

English  Language,  Mathematics,  Chemistry to  form  the core subjects  with  credit  in Physics, and any other relevant science subject at the Senior Secondary School Certificate or its equivalent. In addition, an acceptable pass in the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) is required for admission into 100-level.

Candidates with a minimum of two A level passes (graded A-E) at the GCE Advanced Level in relevant subjects (Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics, Biology) may be considered for admission into 200-level. The minimum duration of the programmes is four academic sessions for candidates who enter through the UTME Mode. Direct Entry candidates admitted into the 200 level of their programmes will spend a minimum of three academic sessions.

100 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
BIO 101 General Biology I 3 C 45
BIO 107 General Biology Practical I 1 C 45
CHM 101 General Chemistry I 3 R 45
CHM 107 General Chemistry Practical I 1 R 45
CSC 101 Introduction to Computer Science 3 R 30 45
GST 101 Communication in English I 2 C 30
GST123 Logic, Philosophy and human Existence 2 E 30
MTH 101 General Mathematics I 3 R 45
PHY 101 General Physics I 3 R 45
PHY 107 General Physics Practical I 1 R 45
                                  Sub Total 22      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   211 Organic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   213 Analytical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   251 Process Science I 3 R 45
CHM   253 Macromolecular Chemistry I 3 R 45
CSC  201 Computer Programming I 3 E 30 45
GST    223 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 17      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   210 Physical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   212 Inorganic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   214 Structure and Bonding 2 R 30
CHM   252 Process Science II 3 R 45
CHM   290* Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    126 Contemporary Health Issues 2 R 30
GST    212 Environment and Sustainable

Development

2 R 30
PHY   202 Electric Circuits and Electronics 3 E 30 45
                                       Sub Total 21      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 38      
             

Course Code

Course Title Units Status LH PH
BIO 102 General Biology II 3 C 45
BIO 108 General Biology Practical II 1 C 45
CHM 102 General Chemistry II 3 R 45
CHM 108 General Chemistry Practical II 1 R 45
GST 102 Communication in English II 2 C 30
GST 104 Nigerian People and Culture 2 C 30
GST 122 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 C 30
 MTH102 General Mathematics II 3 R 45
PHY 102 General Physics II 3 R 45
PHY 108 General Physics Practical II 1 R 45
STA102 Statistics for Physical Sciences and Engineering 3 R 45
                                       Sub Total 24      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 46      
             

 

 

 

200 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   211 Organic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   213 Analytical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   251 Process Science I 3 R 45
CHM   253 Macromolecular Chemistry I 3 R 45
CSC  201 Computer Programming I 3 E 30 45
GST    223 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 17      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   210 Physical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   212 Inorganic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   214 Structure and Bonding 2 R 30
CHM   252 Process Science II 3 R 45
CHM   290* Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    126 Contemporary Health Issues 2 R 30
GST    212 Environment and Sustainable

Development

2 R 30
PHY   202 Electric Circuits and Electronics 3 E 30 45
                                       Sub Total 21      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 38      
                     

*Course(s) to be held during Long vacation

 

 

300 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM  301 Physical Chemistry II 2 C 15 45
CHM  303 Organic Chemistry II 3 C 30 45
CHM  305 Petroleum Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM  311 Polymer Chemistry 3 R 30 45
CHM  317 Industrial Raw Materials Resource

Inventory

1 R 15
CHM  319 Environmental Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM  355 Introductory Material Science 2 R 30
CHM  357 Management and Chemical Industry I 2 R 30
CHM  359 Glass Blowing Practical 1 R 45
GST    311 Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 20      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM  302 Inorganic Chemistry II 3 C 30 45
CHM  304 Atomic & Molecular Structure &

Symmetry

3 E 45
CHM  312 Separation Methods and Analysis 3 C 30 45
CHM  316 Applied Spectroscopy 3 C 45
CHM  356 Colour and Textile Chemistry 3 R 30 45
CHM  358 Management and Chemical Industry II 2 R 30
CHM 390 390* Industrial Attachment II (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    222 Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution 2 R 30
GST    224 Leadership Skills 2 R 30
                                       Sub Total 24      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 44      

 

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Statuss LH PH
CHM    407 Electrochemistry 2 R 15 45
CHM   419 Organic Synthesis 2 R 30
CHM    451 Special Laboratory Methods 3 R 45
CHM   453 Chemistry of Industrial Processes 3 R 45
CHM   455 Macromolecular Chemistry II 3 R 45
CHM   491 Research Project  I 3 C 135
  Electives 6 E 90
                         Sub Total 22      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   400 Seminar in Chemistry 2 C    
CHM   406 Reaction Kinetics 2 R 30
CHM    410 Analytical Chemistry II 2 R 15 45
CHM   422 Physical Organic Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM   452 Structure & Coordination Chemistry 3 R 45
CHM    454 Chemical Processes Technology 3 R 45
CHM   492 Research Project  II 3 C 135
  Electives 6 E 90
                                       Sub Total 23      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 45      
                 

      

 

400 LEVEL Elective Courses:

 

Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM    404 Group Theory and Symmetry 2 E 30
CHM    409 Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry 2 E 30
CHM   415 Polymer Technology 2 E 30
CHM    420 Natural Product Chemistry 3 E 45  
CHM    423 Organometallic Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   456 Medicinal Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   457 Food Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM    458 Agrochemicals & Chemotherapeutic

Agents

3 E 45
CHM   459 Photochemistry 3 E 45
CHM    460 Solid State Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   461 X-ray Crystallography 3 E 45
CHM    462 Chemical Physics 3 E 45
CHM    462 Geochemistry 3 E 45
CHM   463 Mineral Processing 3 E 45

 

Course descriptions:

 

100 LEVEL

CHM 101: General Chemistry I                                                            (3 Units: LH 45) Atoms, molecules and chemical reactions. Modern electronic theory of atoms. Electronic configuration, periodicity and building up of the periodic table. Hybridisation and shapes of simple molecules. Valence Forces; Structure of solids. Chemical equations and stoichiometry; Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces, kinetic theory of matter. Elementary thermochemistry; rates of reaction, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Acids, bases and salts. Properties of gases. Redox reactions and introduction to electrochemistry. Radioactivity.

CHM 102: General Chemistry II                                                            (3 Units: LH 45) Historical survey of the development and importance of Organic Chemistry; Fullerenes as fourth   allotrope   of   carbon,   uses   in   nanotubules,   nanostructures,   nanochemistry. Electronic theory in organic chemistry. Isolation and purification of organic compounds. Determination of structures of organic compounds including qualitative and quantitative analysis in organic chemistry. Nomenclature and functional group classes of organic compounds. Introductory reaction mechanism and kinetics. Stereochemistry. The chemistry of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, amines, alkyl halides, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives. The Chemistry of selected metals and non-metals. Comparative chemistry of group IA, IIA and IVA elements. Introduction to transition metal chemistry.

CHM 107: General Chemistry Practical I                                              (1 Unit: PH 45)

Laboratory experiments designed to reflect topics presented in courses CHM 101 and CHM

  1. These include acid-base titrations, qualitative analysis, redox reactions, gravimetric analysis, data analysis and presentation.

CHM 108: General Chemistry Practical II                                            (1 Unit: PH 45) Continuation of CHM 107. Additional laboratory experiments to include functional group analysis, quantitative analysis using volumetric methods.

 

200 LEVEL

CHM 210: Physical Chemistry I                                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101

Kinetic theory of gases; Behaviour of real gases; the laws of thermodynamics; entropy and free energy; reactions and phase equilibria; reaction rates; rate laws; mechanism and theories of elementary processes; photochemical reactions; basic electrochemistry.

CHM 211: Organic Chemistry I                                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite – CHM 102

Chemistry of aromatic compounds. Structures of simple sugars, starch and cellulose, peptides and proteins. Chemistry of bifunctional compounds. Energetics, kinetics and the investigation of reaction mechanisms. Mechanisms of substitution, elimination, addition and rearrangement reactions. Stereochemistry. Examples of various named organic reactions e.g. Grignard reaction, Aldol and related reactions. Simple alicyclic carbon compounds and their synthesis.

CHM 212: Inorganic Chemistry I                                             (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite – CHM 101; CHM 102

Chemistry of First row transition metals. Introduction to coordination chemistry including elementary treatment of crystal field theory. Comparative Chemistry of the following elements: (a) Ga, In, Ti, (b) Ge, Sn, Pb, (c) As, Sb, Bi (d) Se, Te, Po.Elementary introduction  to  organometallic chemistry.  Role of metals  in  biochemical systems. Concepts of hard and soft acids and bases. Oxidation and reduction reactions.

CHM 213: Analytical Chemistry I                                            (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101 and 102

Theory of Errors; and statistical treatment of data: Theory of sampling. Chemical methods of analysis including volumetric, gravimetric and physiochemical methods, Optical methods of analysis; separation methods.

CHM 214: Structure and Bonding                                                        (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101 and 102

Idea of quantum states, orbitals, shape; and energy. Simple valence theory, electron repulsion theory, atomic spectra. Methods of determining molecular shape, bond lengths and angles. The structure and chemistry of some representative main group element compounds.

CHM 251: Process Science I                                                                   (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 213:

Commercial process, problems of scale and cost. Process flow sheet and stoichiometry. Handling of fluids; conservation laws and dimensional analysis applied to a moving fluid. Process heat transfer, mechanisms of heat transfer coefficients in batch and continuous processes. Use of mean temperature difference. Change of phase correlation of heat transfer data. Distillation differential, batch, fractional and continuous fractional distillation; number of stages; effects of operating variables.

CHM 252: Process Science II                                                                  (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 251:

Mass transfer processes; single phase and inter-phase, mass transfer drying as a heat-mass transfer  process.  Extraction  and  Absorption;  solvent  extraction  in  mixer settlers  and columns; number of ideal stages; number of stages in gas absorption by HTU method; gas film  and  liquid  film rate determining steps.  Solid-liquid  separation  by filtration  and sedimentation. Stoichiometry for systems involving recycles.

CHM 253: Macromolecular Chemistry I                                              (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 101, CHM 102:

Classification of macromolecules; polymers and copolymers as natural, modified natural or synthetic substances. Polymer formation processes; methods, kinetics and mechanisms. The characterization of macromolecules; molar mass and distribution, molecular size and shapes, stereochemistry. Crystallinity and methods of determination. Structural classification in natural macromolecules. Bulk structure, crystalline, amorphous, glassy and rubbery states. Inter-relation of structure and properties.

CHM 290: Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks)                                                 (3 Units) Students should be attached to some industrial organizations for 12 Weeks at the 200 Level preferably during the long vacation for real-time relevant industrial experience. Students to be assessed based on seminar presentations, their reports and assessment by supervisors. This is only applicable in institutions that run a 4-year industrial chemistry programme.

 

300 LEVEL

CHM 301: Physical Chemistry II                                              (2 Units: LH 15; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 210

A review of Gibbs Function. Chemical thermodynamics. Introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Ideal solutions and non-Ideal solutions. Properties of electrolytes. Colligative Properties.

CHM 302: Inorganic Chemistry II                                            (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 212

The Noble gases. Hydrogen. Electronic structure and general properties and comparative study of  Group IA and group IIA elements. Chemistry of Boron; Carbon and Silicon; Nitrogen and Phosphorus; Oxygen and Sulphur. The halogens. Transition elements. Separation of metals. Introduction to co-ordination chemistry. Introductory organo- metallic chemistry. Ligand and Crystal field theories. Introduction to radiochemistry. Radioactivity and the periodic table. Role of metals in living systems.

CHM 303: Organic Chemistry II                                              (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre –requisite –CHM 211

Aromatic   and   Alicyclic chemistry.   Survey of representative polycyclic compounds. Heterocyclic Chemistry (3,4,5 and 6-membered ring of O, N, S heterocyclic compounds). Reactive intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes etc. Selected rearrangement reactions e.g. Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger etc to illustrate various reaction mechanisms and types.

CHM 304: Atomic and Molecular Structure and Symmetry              (3 Units: LH 45)

Schrödinger equation. Helium atom, ground and excited states, Spin and Pauli Principle. Hydrogen molecule; Comparison of molecular orbital and valence bond theory, concept of resonance and configuration interaction. Coulson Fischer function. Molecular orbitals for diatomic molecules. Simple  pi electron theory, Huckel theory. Walsh rules. Rotational, Vibrational and Electronic Spectra. Applications for determining bond lengths and angles. Brief mention of other methods. Atomic spectra, Russell-Saunders coupling, orbital and spin angular momentum. Use of symmetry in Chemistry.

CHM 305: Petroleum Chemistry                                                            (2 Units: LH 30)

Petroleum in the contemporary energy scene. Nature, classification and composition of crude petroleum and natural gases. Distribution of petroleum and natural gas resources (the global  and Nigerian situations). Natural product chemical markers  of petroleum and geological sediments. Petroleum technology, survey of refinery products and process. Petrochemicals in industrial raw materials. Prospects for the petrochemical industry in Nigeria.

CHM 311: Polymer Chemistry                                                             (3 Units: LH 45:)

The nature of Polymer nomenclature. Outline of sources of raw materials for polymers; Polymerisation process, condensation polymerisation in details. Solubility and solution properties of polymers. Structure and properties of polymers. Electrical conducting organic wires, smart/sim cards, flat screen televisions. Fibre forming polymers. Bullet proof vests and vehicle bodies from polymers. Polymerisation mechanisms; detailed treatment of addition processes. Stereospecific reactions, copolymerisation reactions. Phase systems for reactions. Industrially important thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers: Polyurethanes. Rubber elasticity. Mechanical properties of polymers. Analysis and testing of polymers. Degradation of polymers.

CHM 312: Separation Methods and Analysis                             (3 Units: LH 30: P 45)

Intermediate theory and laboratory techniques in analytical and physical chemistry. Advanced data analysis methods and goodness-of-fit criteria Spectroscopic methods and instrumentation. Separation methods: ion exchange, gas, paper, liquid and column chromatography; electrophoresis. Atomic and molecular absorption, emission and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Electroanalytical techniques. Quantitative analysis. X-ray methods. Refractometry, Interferometry, Polarimetry,  Polarography & Calorimetry.

CHM 316: Applied Spectroscopy                                                           (2 Units: LH 30)

 Principles and applications of UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy in the determination and elucidation of structures of organic compounds. Brief mention of hyphenated systems: GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-NMR and NMR in medicine.

CHM 317: Industrial Raw Materials Resource Inventory                   (1 Unit: LH 15)

 Survey of Nigeria’s industries and their raw material requirements. Mineral chemistry. Fossils and  their uses. Plant and animal products. Nuclear, Solar, aerodynamic/wind and hydrodynamic sources of energy. Potentials and applications of locally available raw materials as industrial feedstock.

CHM 319: Environmental Chemistry                                                    (2 Units: LH 30)

Concepts of elementary cycles. Characteristics of the atmosphere. Sources, types and effects of environmental pollution. Waste water treatment. Composition of domestic/industrial wastes and waste management. Water chemistry and analysis. Chemical and physical instrumentation in Environmental Sciences.   Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment. Green Chemistry: 12 principles . Modern and unusual methods of pollution analysis. Biodegradable macromolecules including detergents.

CHM 357: Management and Chemical Industry I                               (2 Units: LH 30)

Management Process and Methods:   The nature of management and the role with the chemical industry: management theory. Managerial association and specialization. Line and staff structure: functions and relationship. The manager’s role. Organizational structure and management structure. Authority and organization. Corporate policy and organizational  constraints  on  management  process.  The decision  process,  managerial techniques and supportive information system.  Managerial Economics:   Risk and uncertainty in decision making. The theory of production, Cost and Demand analyses and sales forecasting. Pricing. Investment decision: product diversifications. Theory of business behaviour.

CHM 355: Introductory Material Science                                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 212.

Classification and properties of industrial materials. Type of bonding and its influence on both structure and properties of materials. Manufacture and properties of solid solutions (alloys). Structure of crystalline materials, coordination number, Crystallography.

Stress-strain relationship in materials, elastic an inelastic regions, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of materials. Crystal growth and imperfections (defects). Material transformation-deformation, strengthening, electroplating and corrosion.

CHM 356: Colour and Textile Chemistry                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 253.

Classification of dyes and textile fibres. Natural regenerated and synthetic fibres. Physical and structural properties of fibres.  Preparatory processes: Singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization  and optical brightening. Colour and constitution. Theory of dyeing. Dyeing preparation, structure, and application of dyes. After treatments and quality control: Colour fastness.

CHM 358: Management and Chemical Industry II                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 357

An introduction to the anatomy of management; Industrial Relation; Public Relations; Industrial Psychology; Organizational Design: Management of Personnel; An introduction to the production functions; planning for productivity; General Problem solving processes and creative thinking; Analytical methods of investigation.

CHM 359: Glassblowing Practical                                                          (1 Unit: PH 45) Properties of glass in general use. Manufacturers’ symbols and what they represent. Types of glass used for laboratory wares. Identification methods, working temperatures. Coefficient of expansion, annealing, thermal resistance, correlation of these factors. Identification of basic tools, Gas supplies, safety measures, Cutting, rotation techniques, drawing simple butt joining  bulb blowing and bending, rounding off end of tube, taper drawing and reaming, ring seal and side grinding and polishing.

CHM 390: Industrial Attachment II (12 Weeks)                                               (3 Units) Students should be attached to some industrial organizations for additional 12 Weeks at the 300 Level preferably during the long vacation for more real-time relevant industrial experience. Students to be assessed based on seminar presentations, their reports and assessment by supervisors. This only applies to institutions that operate a 4-year industrial chemistry programme.

 400 LEVEL

CHM 400: Seminar in Chemistry                                                                        (2 Units) Restricted Special topics to be covered include the following:-

(1)       Mining and Metallurgy: Mineral Processing: performance and separation criteria.

Crystalline and non-crystalline structures. Metal solidification and heat treatment. Phase transformation and microstructure. Fabrication and uses of materials.

(2)       Ceramics  and  Glasses:  The  crystal  structure  of  ceramic  materials  including silicates, phosphates and nitrides, crystallization of glass formation, glass forming materials. Forming process of glass and ceramic. Chemotherapeutic agents.

(3)       Chemistry of Paints and Adhesives: Classification of paints in terms of use and constitution. The manufacturing process and principles of formulation. The paints and their physical properties. Composition and classification of adhesives. Physical properties, formulation and application of paints and adhesives.

(4)       Cement Chemistry:  Classification of cements, cement raw materials and process of manufacture. Structure of cements. Physical and chemical properties of cement. Cement production processes.

(5)       Leather  Chemistry: Chemistry of animal  skin.  Theory of tanning.  Pretanning processes. Vegetable tanning process. Materials, their properties and chemistry. Synthetic tanning materials: Chrome and other tonnages. Leather/Tanning.

(6)       Chemistry of Brewing:  Bio-organic chemistry of malting and mashing. Chemistry of hop constituents, wart boiling and hop extraction. Techniques in the brewing process.  Fermentation. Additive and preservatives. Quality control in Brewing

(7)      Soaps and Non-Soap Detergents: Introduction to surface chemistry. Micelle formation and the detergency process. The manufacturing processes of soaps and detergents. Synthetic surfactants Anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. Synthetic surfactants. Soaps and Detergents

(8)       Writing Research Proposals: Methodology and Process

*Topics may be chosen from any three of the above in addition to (8) above,

CHM 491  & 492 : Research Project   I & II                                                              (6 Units: PH 270) Research projects into selected topics in industrial chemistry. Students will be expected to carry out literature survey on chosen topics, perform experiments and produce reports. Students will be subjected to both seminar and oral examinations on their projects.

CHM 404: Group Theory and Symmetry                       (2 Units: LH 30)

Review of molecular symmetry operations. Definition of groups. Molecular symmetry groups. Introduction to the mathematical structure of groups. Group representations. Detailed study of groups Cn, Dn, Cv  and full rotation group.  Applications. General symmetry applications. Symmetry of crystal lattices, Block orbitals for infinite system.

CHM 406: Reaction Kinetics                                                           (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite –CHM 301

Review of first, second and third order rate equations. Rate constants and equilibrium constants. Collision theory, transition state theory, reaction co-ordinates. Unimolecular reaction mechanisms, bimolecular reaction mechanisms, chain reaction mechanisms; catalysis and heterogeneous reactions. Photochemical reaction mechanisms.

CHM 407: Electrochemistry                                                      (2 Units: LH 15; PH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 210 & CHM 301

Chemical Equilibria: Ionic equilibria, Conductance, theory and measurement, interpretation of data for strong and weak electrolytes, Conductance and transport processes. Thermodynamics and galvanic cells. Standard electrode potentials. Practical electrode. Molecular forces in solids and liquids: Dipole moments. Interaction potentials and . forces. Reversible galvanic cells, measurement of e.m.f. Electrode potentials and the electrochemical series. Standard state and the Nernst equation. Applications of e.m.f. measurements (excluding thermodynamic relationships). Potentiometric titration including measurement of pH. Redox reactions. The electrical double layer and its applications.

CHM 409: Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry                                       (2 Units: LH 30) Revision of proton-neutron nucleus, neutron excess, shell model and nuclear spin. Alpha, megatron, position, electron capture, gamma and internal conversion decay modes of the properties of particles produced – annihilation, range, shielding etc. Health effects, permissible dose level, risk estimates, kinetics of decay, half-life and decay curve. Detection systems, solid and liquid scintillation counting. Quenching and channels ratio correction. Natural radiations/radioactivity. Induced radioactivity – mass and energy balance including recoil. Binding energy. Fission and fusion. Reactor types classified by fuel, moderator coolant. Introduction to activation analysis. The use of isotopes in reaction mechanism and analysis.

CHM 415: Polymer Technology                                                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Large scale industrial polymerisation processes. Polymer characterization, criteria for polymer solubility, chain conformation, thermodynamics and phase equilibrium. Molecular weight size and distribution: Rheology of polymers: Mechanical properties and viscoelasticity, structure-property relationships. Polymer types. Polymer processing, injection, extrusion, compression and transfer moulding of thermoplastics. Polymer additives. Polymeric surface coatings and adhesives. Thermosetting elastomers, plasticizers, resins and extrusion, spinning, vulcanization and reinforcement. Casting, testing and quality control: Chemical analysis. Birefringence measurement physical testing.

CHM 419: Organic Synthesis                                                                 (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Reduction methods. Catalytic hydrogenation. Reduction with boron and aluminum hydrides and their analogues and derivatives. Metal reductions. Selective reduction in polyfunctional compounds. Oxidation methods. Epoxidation, hydration and Hydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative cleavage of glycol. Peroxyacids and coupling and relevance to biosynthesis. Survey of synthetic applications of organometallic compounds. Construction of synthetic routes (disconnection approach); molecular self assembly in synthesis. Hydroboration oxidation to ketones. Carboxylation reactions and protonolysis phosphorus halides and their applications. Enamines: synthesis and applications. Formation of polycyclic compounds. Aldol type reactivity and reaction of iminium salts with nucleophile. Synthesis of complex molecules. Pericyclic reactions. Methodology for the construction synthetic routes. Applications for synthesis of important and complex organic compounds.

CHM 420: Natural Products Chemistry                                                (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211, CHM 303

General methods of isolation, separation, purification and structural determination of natural products. Classifications and biogenesis. Chemistry of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, antibiotics, flavonoids. Prostaglandins and chlorophylls. Other natural products of pharmaceutical importance. Cholesteryl benzoate, liquid crystals and digital displays in computer screens, etc.

CHM 422: Physical Organic Chemistry                                                (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Stepwise  and  concerted  reaction  mechanism.  Kinetic  studies,  non-kinetic  studies,Nucleophilic displacement reactions. The mechanisms of SN1 , SN2 processes. The effects of structure, environment, nature of the nucleophile, solvation factors, added salt etc on the course and rates of reactions, stereochemical concepts. Ester hydrolysis – nimolecular and bimolecular processes. Linear free energy relationships. The Hammet equation; determination of constituent and reaction constants; significance and use of the signs and symbols to + 6m/P+0+6+m/o application to evaluation of mechanistic pathways.

CHM 423: Organometallic Chemistry                                                   (3 Units; LH 45)

Pre-requisites: CHM 211, CHM 303

Classification of organometallic compounds. Preparation, structure and reactions including abnormal science of organometallic compounds. Synthetic utility of organometallics. Introduction to organometallic compounds of the transition elements. Classification of ligands, electron rule, bonding, preparation of organic transition   metal compounds. Reaction and structures of organometallic compounds of transition elements. The organic chemistry of ferrocene and related compounds. The role of organometallic compounds in some catalytic reaction.

 CHM 451: Special Laboratory Methods                                   (3 Units; LH 15; PH 90)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211

Selected advanced chemistry laboratory exercises to enhance students’ knowledge and manipulative skills in modern laboratory techniques and methods – viz. Ozonolysis, hydrogenation, hydroboration – oxidation, functional groups protection and de-protection, high vacuum distillation and other separation methods. Advanced qualitative organic and inorganic analysis.

CHM 452: Structure and Coordination Chemistry                              (3 Units, LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 212

Nomenclature, coordination number. Isomerism and stability of complex compounds. Theories of structures i.e. valence bond theory, crystal field theory, molecular orbital and ligand field theories and their relations to bonding in coordination compounds. Kinetics and mechanism of complex formation. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes as well as their magnetic properties. Preparations, reactions and structure of complexes with

– acceptor ligands such as CN, CO and NO. Applications of infrared and nmr spectroscopy to problems of coordination chemistry. Introduction to non-aqueous solvent systems; classification of solvents. Solute-solvent interactions.

CHM 453: Chemistry of Industrial Processes                                       (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 251 & CHM 252

Overview of chemical processes and products with emphasis on the nature, origin and application of the products of the chemical and allied industries. Raw materials; availability, location, energy, primary chemical products: Industrial reactions, chemical plant, process costing. Consumer and Secondary products: main uses of primary products. Legal aspects; Factory Acts. Etc. Case studies based on industries and/or chemical networks e.g. Industries: Oil, fertilizer, plastics, Detergents etc, chemical networks; Alkali, Chlorine, Fluorine, Coal/Oil etc.

CHM 454: Chemical Process Technology                                             (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 252

Mixing and agitation; liquid-liquid, solid-liquid and gas-liquid systems. Scale up. Residence distribution functions for continuous flow systems. Correlation of heat transfer data. Use of effectiveness number of transfer units applied to heat exchangers. Solvent extraction with partially mixable liquids, selection of suitable extracting agents. Column height and cross section in gas washing. Multi-component vapour-liquid equilibria, bubble points and dew points; key components partial material balances.

The approximate design of Multi-component distillation columns. Minimum reflux ration, minimum number of theoretical stages; feed point location. Rigorous simulation procedure; multi-component composition profiles. Small refinery configurations. Optimization. Case studies covering fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer processes. Linear Programming. The need for process control. Types of control; open loop, feed forward, feed-back, cascade feedback and adaptive control. Primary elements, final elements. Nature of offset; one, two and three term algorithms. Response to disturbances. Controller optimization. Control of systems with non-linear response characteristics. Direct digital control. Programmed control regimes.

CHM 455: Macromolecular Chemistry II                                             (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 253

Polymerization processes; mechanism and kinetics of free radical, ionic and stereo-specific polymerization. Additions of polymerization in bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion. Ring opening polycondensation processes. Gelation Theory. Copolymerization: Addition copolymerization, reactivity ratios, the copolymer-equation. Prediction of reactivity ratios. Degradation   of   polymers:   by   thermal,   oxidative,   photochemical   and   chemical environments. Kinetics and mechanism of degradation. Inhibitors and retarders. Biopolymers: Organization in protein and nucleic acid structures, super-cooling. Inorganic macromolecules; condensed oxyanion structures, silicates; silicon. Solution properties of macromolecules: Thermodynamics of polymers solutions. Morphology, Crystallinity and Orientation

CHM 456: Medicinal Chemistry                                                           (3 Units: LH 45) Biochemical pharmacology: Introduction. Absorption and distribution. The blood-brain barrier; placental transfer of drugs. Biotransformation of drugs, their conjugation and excretion. Factors affecting metabolism. The microsomal enzymes system. Drug-receptor interactions.  Bioassay of drugs, pharmacokinetics, the importance of plasma levels of  a drug. Drug discovery, design and development. Drug Action: Neurohumoral transmission: Neuromuscular and ganglionic blockade sympathominetics; adrenaline receptors; adrenergic neuron antagonists. Autocoids; Histamine; Serotonin; polypeptides; prostaglandins and related substances; antiallergic, antinflamatory and antipyretic agents. Generally-acting drugs. Opiates, receptors and antagonists; Dopamine receptors and antipsychotic drugs; antidepressants; anti-anxiety drugs. Selective toxicity; The basis of selective toxicity. Survey of host defence mechanisms and the use of chemotherapy. The bacterial cell membrane, effect on its permeability – role of antifungals. Folic acid and the role of anti-metabolites. Drug resistance, protein synthesis and its interference. Protozoology – parasites, life cycle of material parasite – other example of protozoal infestations. Viruses, their definition and classification. The biochemistry of viral replication. The role of interferon and other antivirals. Neoplasia – role of anticancer agents.

CHM 457: Food Chemistry                                                                     (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211

The nature of food; vitamins, additives and adulterants; chemistry and microbiology of production processes and control; food preservation and spoilage; processing and preservation of local food stuffs; formulation and practice of food standards.

CHM 458: Agrochemical & Chemotherapeutic Agents                       (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Pesticides, fungicides, and insect sex attractants. Survey of modern approaches to pest and fungal growth control. Naturally occurring pesticides – rotenoids, pyrethrenoids. Survey of synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Insect pheromones – techniques of identification, isolation and structural determination and configuration – some synthetic analogues. Herbicides and growth regulation substances. Review of chemical groups used in growth control. Plant growth regulators. Some nitrogen containing herbicides – a review. Synthesis of selected nitrogen containing herbicides.

Chemotherapeutic Agents:   General antibiotic types. Their mode of activity. The tetracyclines or B-lactam antibiotics will be discussed with regard to source, synthetic routes, synthetic analogues, biosynthesis and mode of action. Prostaglandins. Biosynthesis of prostanoic acid, derivatives of E.F.A. and B series of prostaglandins. Synthetic approaches.

CHM 459: Photochemistry                                                                     (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Energy levels. Absorption and emission of light. Interaction of radiation with matter. Spin conservation rules. Electronic excitation: Excitation of atoms in the phase, excitation of diatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules, complex  polyatomic molecules and other complexes. Selection rules, deactivation routes, energy transfer, simple reactions of stable singlet and triplet states. Reactions of species produced photochemically. Sensitization and quenching. Conventional photolysis procedure. Flash photolysis. Photosynthesis, Chemiluminescence, vision and the photographic process

CHM 460: Solid State Chemistry                                                           (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 301 & 302

Band structure of solids. Electrical, optical and magnetic properties of defects solids. Atom movement and diffusion processes. Surfaces of solids. Reactions of solids, types, kinetic characteristics and parameters. Gas-solid and solid-solid reactions. Application to pigments, semi-conductors and catalysis. Corrosion: Mechanism factors and method of monitoring, prevention and control or corrosion in petroleum and chemical industries. Introduction to stress corrosion concepts.

CHM 461: X-Ray Crystallography                                                        (3 Units: LH 45) The nature of the crystalline state. Principles and uses of x-ray diffraction from single crystals, powders, and polycrystalline materials. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry – principles and industrial applications. Electron probe. Microanalysis. Electro diffraction and the electro microscope. Neutron diffraction.

CHM 462: Chemical Physics                                                                   (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 301

Theory of bonding in H2+ and H2: Molecular Hamiltonian, exact solution for H2+, Linear combination of atomic orbitals method, valence bond theory, comparison of valence bond

and molecular orbital theory, resonance. Coulomb and exchange integrals, evaluation of total energy. Rotation and Vibration of molecules: Rigid rotor, harmonic oscillator, morse potential, inharmonic oscillator, fundamental overtone for harmonic and inharmonic oscillators.

Heat capacities of crystals: Monatomic crystals, Einstein’s model, Einstein’s characteristic temperatures, Debye theory of crystals and heat capacity, complicated crystal structures.

CHM 463: Geochemistry                                                                         (3 Units: LH 45) Elements and its abundance. Geochemical classification of elements. Some aspects of isotope geochemistry. Introductory mineralogy and mode of occurrence of selected ores with reference to Nigeria. Physical and chemical analysis of ore. Some aspects of organic geochemistry mineral processing: practice of crushing. Sizing and concentration of mine products.

CHM 464: Mineral processing                                                                (3 Units: LH 45) Physical processing of minerals and their classification. Mineral concentration. Liquid- solid separation and aggregation. Chemical processing of minerals – unit operations, hydrometallurgical processes. Halogen processes and metallurgy; high temperature processes and metallurgical thermochemistry

 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

In the Department of Chemical Sciences, the minimum number of credit units for the award of a degree is 120 units. A student shall therefore qualify for the award of a degree when he has met the conditions. Every full-time student should register for a minimum of 17 credit units per semester and a maximum of 24 credit units. This translates to a minimum of 34 units and a maximum of 48 units per session.

REQUIREMENTS

Entry Requirements

The entry requirements shall be at least credit level passes in five subjects including

English  Language,  Mathematics,  Chemistry to  form  the core subjects  with  credit  in Physics, and any other relevant science subject at the Senior Secondary School Certificate or its equivalent. In addition, an acceptable pass in the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) is required for admission into 100-level.

Candidates with a minimum of two A level passes (graded A-E) at the GCE Advanced Level in relevant subjects (Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics, Biology) may be considered for admission into 200-level. The minimum duration of the programmes is four academic sessions for candidates who enter through the UTME Mode. Direct Entry candidates admitted into the 200 level of their programmes will spend a minimum of three academic sessions.

COURSE STRUCTURE

100 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
BIO 101 General Biology I 3 C 45
BIO 107 General Biology Practical I 1 C 45
CHM 101 General Chemistry I 3 R 45
CHM 107 General Chemistry Practical I 1 R 45
CSC 101 Introduction to Computer Science 3 R 30 45
GST 101 Communication in English I 2 C 30
GST123 Logic, Philosophy and human Existence 2 E 30
MTH 101 General Mathematics I 3 R 45
PHY 101 General Physics I 3 R 45
PHY 107 General Physics Practical I 1 R 45
                                  Sub Total 22      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   211 Organic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   213 Analytical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   251 Process Science I 3 R 45
CHM   253 Macromolecular Chemistry I 3 R 45
CSC  201 Computer Programming I 3 E 30 45
GST    223 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 17      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   210 Physical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   212 Inorganic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   214 Structure and Bonding 2 R 30
CHM   252 Process Science II 3 R 45
CHM   290* Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    126 Contemporary Health Issues 2 R 30
GST    212 Environment and Sustainable

Development

2 R 30
PHY   202 Electric Circuits and Electronics 3 E 30 45
                                       Sub Total 21      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 38      
             

Course Code

Course Title Units Status LH PH
BIO 102 General Biology II 3 C 45
BIO 108 General Biology Practical II 1 C 45
CHM 102 General Chemistry II 3 R 45
CHM 108 General Chemistry Practical II 1 R 45
GST 102 Communication in English II 2 C 30
GST 104 Nigerian People and Culture 2 C 30
GST 122 Use of Library, Study Skills and ICT 2 C 30
 MTH102 General Mathematics II 3 R 45
PHY 102 General Physics II 3 R 45
PHY 108 General Physics Practical II 1 R 45
STA102 Statistics for Physical Sciences and Engineering 3 R 45
                                       Sub Total 24      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 46      
             

 

 

 

200 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   211 Organic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   213 Analytical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   251 Process Science I 3 R 45
CHM   253 Macromolecular Chemistry I 3 R 45
CSC  201 Computer Programming I 3 E 30 45
GST    223 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 17      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   210 Physical Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   212 Inorganic Chemistry I 3 C 30 45
CHM   214 Structure and Bonding 2 R 30
CHM   252 Process Science II 3 R 45
CHM   290* Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    126 Contemporary Health Issues 2 R 30
GST    212 Environment and Sustainable

Development

2 R 30
PHY   202 Electric Circuits and Electronics 3 E 30 45
                                       Sub Total 21      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 38      
                     

*Course(s) to be held during Long vacation

 

 

300 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM  301 Physical Chemistry II 2 C 15 45
CHM  303 Organic Chemistry II 3 C 30 45
CHM  305 Petroleum Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM  311 Polymer Chemistry 3 R 30 45
CHM  317 Industrial Raw Materials Resource

Inventory

1 R 15
CHM  319 Environmental Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM  355 Introductory Material Science 2 R 30
CHM  357 Management and Chemical Industry I 2 R 30
CHM  359 Glass Blowing Practical 1 R 45
GST    311 Entrepreneurship 2 R 30
                                  Sub Total 20      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM  302 Inorganic Chemistry II 3 C 30 45
CHM  304 Atomic & Molecular Structure &

Symmetry

3 E 45
CHM  312 Separation Methods and Analysis 3 C 30 45
CHM  316 Applied Spectroscopy 3 C 45
CHM  356 Colour and Textile Chemistry 3 R 30 45
CHM  358 Management and Chemical Industry II 2 R 30
CHM 390 390* Industrial Attachment II (12 Weeks) 3 C    
GST    222 Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution 2 R 30
GST    224 Leadership Skills 2 R 30
                                       Sub Total 24      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 44      

 

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Statuss LH PH
CHM    407 Electrochemistry 2 R 15 45
CHM   419 Organic Synthesis 2 R 30
CHM    451 Special Laboratory Methods 3 R 45
CHM   453 Chemistry of Industrial Processes 3 R 45
CHM   455 Macromolecular Chemistry II 3 R 45
CHM   491 Research Project  I 3 C 135
  Electives 6 E 90
                         Sub Total 22      
 
SECOND SEMESTER
Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM   400 Seminar in Chemistry 2 C    
CHM   406 Reaction Kinetics 2 R 30
CHM    410 Analytical Chemistry II 2 R 15 45
CHM   422 Physical Organic Chemistry 2 R 30
CHM   452 Structure & Coordination Chemistry 3 R 45
CHM    454 Chemical Processes Technology 3 R 45
CHM   492 Research Project  II 3 C 135
  Electives 6 E 90
                                       Sub Total 23      
                                  GRAND TOTAL 45      
                 

      

 

400 LEVEL Elective Courses:

 

Course Code Course Title Units Status LH PH
CHM    404 Group Theory and Symmetry 2 E 30
CHM    409 Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry 2 E 30
CHM   415 Polymer Technology 2 E 30
CHM    420 Natural Product Chemistry 3 E 45  
CHM    423 Organometallic Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   456 Medicinal Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   457 Food Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM    458 Agrochemicals & Chemotherapeutic

Agents

3 E 45
CHM   459 Photochemistry 3 E 45
CHM    460 Solid State Chemistry 3 E 45
CHM   461 X-ray Crystallography 3 E 45
CHM    462 Chemical Physics 3 E 45
CHM    462 Geochemistry 3 E 45
CHM   463 Mineral Processing 3 E 45

 

Course descriptions:

 

100 LEVEL

CHM 101: General Chemistry I                                                            (3 Units: LH 45) Atoms, molecules and chemical reactions. Modern electronic theory of atoms. Electronic configuration, periodicity and building up of the periodic table. Hybridisation and shapes of simple molecules. Valence Forces; Structure of solids. Chemical equations and stoichiometry; Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces, kinetic theory of matter. Elementary thermochemistry; rates of reaction, equilibrium and thermodynamics. Acids, bases and salts. Properties of gases. Redox reactions and introduction to electrochemistry. Radioactivity.

CHM 102: General Chemistry II                                                            (3 Units: LH 45) Historical survey of the development and importance of Organic Chemistry; Fullerenes as fourth   allotrope   of   carbon,   uses   in   nanotubules,   nanostructures,   nanochemistry. Electronic theory in organic chemistry. Isolation and purification of organic compounds. Determination of structures of organic compounds including qualitative and quantitative analysis in organic chemistry. Nomenclature and functional group classes of organic compounds. Introductory reaction mechanism and kinetics. Stereochemistry. The chemistry of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, amines, alkyl halides, nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives. The Chemistry of selected metals and non-metals. Comparative chemistry of group IA, IIA and IVA elements. Introduction to transition metal chemistry.

CHM 107: General Chemistry Practical I                                              (1 Unit: PH 45)

Laboratory experiments designed to reflect topics presented in courses CHM 101 and CHM

  1. These include acid-base titrations, qualitative analysis, redox reactions, gravimetric analysis, data analysis and presentation.

CHM 108: General Chemistry Practical II                                            (1 Unit: PH 45) Continuation of CHM 107. Additional laboratory experiments to include functional group analysis, quantitative analysis using volumetric methods.

 

200 LEVEL

CHM 210: Physical Chemistry I                                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101

Kinetic theory of gases; Behaviour of real gases; the laws of thermodynamics; entropy and free energy; reactions and phase equilibria; reaction rates; rate laws; mechanism and theories of elementary processes; photochemical reactions; basic electrochemistry.

CHM 211: Organic Chemistry I                                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite – CHM 102

Chemistry of aromatic compounds. Structures of simple sugars, starch and cellulose, peptides and proteins. Chemistry of bifunctional compounds. Energetics, kinetics and the investigation of reaction mechanisms. Mechanisms of substitution, elimination, addition and rearrangement reactions. Stereochemistry. Examples of various named organic reactions e.g. Grignard reaction, Aldol and related reactions. Simple alicyclic carbon compounds and their synthesis.

CHM 212: Inorganic Chemistry I                                             (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite – CHM 101; CHM 102

Chemistry of First row transition metals. Introduction to coordination chemistry including elementary treatment of crystal field theory. Comparative Chemistry of the following elements: (a) Ga, In, Ti, (b) Ge, Sn, Pb, (c) As, Sb, Bi (d) Se, Te, Po.Elementary introduction  to  organometallic chemistry.  Role of metals  in  biochemical systems. Concepts of hard and soft acids and bases. Oxidation and reduction reactions.

CHM 213: Analytical Chemistry I                                            (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101 and 102

Theory of Errors; and statistical treatment of data: Theory of sampling. Chemical methods of analysis including volumetric, gravimetric and physiochemical methods, Optical methods of analysis; separation methods.

CHM 214: Structure and Bonding                                                        (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite –CHM 101 and 102

Idea of quantum states, orbitals, shape; and energy. Simple valence theory, electron repulsion theory, atomic spectra. Methods of determining molecular shape, bond lengths and angles. The structure and chemistry of some representative main group element compounds.

CHM 251: Process Science I                                                                   (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 213:

Commercial process, problems of scale and cost. Process flow sheet and stoichiometry. Handling of fluids; conservation laws and dimensional analysis applied to a moving fluid. Process heat transfer, mechanisms of heat transfer coefficients in batch and continuous processes. Use of mean temperature difference. Change of phase correlation of heat transfer data. Distillation differential, batch, fractional and continuous fractional distillation; number of stages; effects of operating variables.

CHM 252: Process Science II                                                                  (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 251:

Mass transfer processes; single phase and inter-phase, mass transfer drying as a heat-mass transfer  process.  Extraction  and  Absorption;  solvent  extraction  in  mixer settlers  and columns; number of ideal stages; number of stages in gas absorption by HTU method; gas film  and  liquid  film rate determining steps.  Solid-liquid  separation  by filtration  and sedimentation. Stoichiometry for systems involving recycles.

CHM 253: Macromolecular Chemistry I                                              (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 101, CHM 102:

Classification of macromolecules; polymers and copolymers as natural, modified natural or synthetic substances. Polymer formation processes; methods, kinetics and mechanisms. The characterization of macromolecules; molar mass and distribution, molecular size and shapes, stereochemistry. Crystallinity and methods of determination. Structural classification in natural macromolecules. Bulk structure, crystalline, amorphous, glassy and rubbery states. Inter-relation of structure and properties.

CHM 290: Industrial Attachment I (12 Weeks)                                                 (3 Units) Students should be attached to some industrial organizations for 12 Weeks at the 200 Level preferably during the long vacation for real-time relevant industrial experience. Students to be assessed based on seminar presentations, their reports and assessment by supervisors. This is only applicable in institutions that run a 4-year industrial chemistry programme.

 

300 LEVEL

CHM 301: Physical Chemistry II                                              (2 Units: LH 15; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 210

A review of Gibbs Function. Chemical thermodynamics. Introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Ideal solutions and non-Ideal solutions. Properties of electrolytes. Colligative Properties.

CHM 302: Inorganic Chemistry II                                            (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite –CHM 212

The Noble gases. Hydrogen. Electronic structure and general properties and comparative study of  Group IA and group IIA elements. Chemistry of Boron; Carbon and Silicon; Nitrogen and Phosphorus; Oxygen and Sulphur. The halogens. Transition elements. Separation of metals. Introduction to co-ordination chemistry. Introductory organo- metallic chemistry. Ligand and Crystal field theories. Introduction to radiochemistry. Radioactivity and the periodic table. Role of metals in living systems.

CHM 303: Organic Chemistry II                                              (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre –requisite –CHM 211

Aromatic   and   Alicyclic chemistry.   Survey of representative polycyclic compounds. Heterocyclic Chemistry (3,4,5 and 6-membered ring of O, N, S heterocyclic compounds). Reactive intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes etc. Selected rearrangement reactions e.g. Beckmann, Baeyer-Villiger etc to illustrate various reaction mechanisms and types.

CHM 304: Atomic and Molecular Structure and Symmetry              (3 Units: LH 45)

Schrödinger equation. Helium atom, ground and excited states, Spin and Pauli Principle. Hydrogen molecule; Comparison of molecular orbital and valence bond theory, concept of resonance and configuration interaction. Coulson Fischer function. Molecular orbitals for diatomic molecules. Simple  pi electron theory, Huckel theory. Walsh rules. Rotational, Vibrational and Electronic Spectra. Applications for determining bond lengths and angles. Brief mention of other methods. Atomic spectra, Russell-Saunders coupling, orbital and spin angular momentum. Use of symmetry in Chemistry.

CHM 305: Petroleum Chemistry                                                            (2 Units: LH 30)

Petroleum in the contemporary energy scene. Nature, classification and composition of crude petroleum and natural gases. Distribution of petroleum and natural gas resources (the global  and Nigerian situations). Natural product chemical markers  of petroleum and geological sediments. Petroleum technology, survey of refinery products and process. Petrochemicals in industrial raw materials. Prospects for the petrochemical industry in Nigeria.

CHM 311: Polymer Chemistry                                                             (3 Units: LH 45:)

The nature of Polymer nomenclature. Outline of sources of raw materials for polymers; Polymerisation process, condensation polymerisation in details. Solubility and solution properties of polymers. Structure and properties of polymers. Electrical conducting organic wires, smart/sim cards, flat screen televisions. Fibre forming polymers. Bullet proof vests and vehicle bodies from polymers. Polymerisation mechanisms; detailed treatment of addition processes. Stereospecific reactions, copolymerisation reactions. Phase systems for reactions. Industrially important thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers: Polyurethanes. Rubber elasticity. Mechanical properties of polymers. Analysis and testing of polymers. Degradation of polymers.

CHM 312: Separation Methods and Analysis                             (3 Units: LH 30: P 45)

Intermediate theory and laboratory techniques in analytical and physical chemistry. Advanced data analysis methods and goodness-of-fit criteria Spectroscopic methods and instrumentation. Separation methods: ion exchange, gas, paper, liquid and column chromatography; electrophoresis. Atomic and molecular absorption, emission and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Electroanalytical techniques. Quantitative analysis. X-ray methods. Refractometry, Interferometry, Polarimetry,  Polarography & Calorimetry.

CHM 316: Applied Spectroscopy                                                           (2 Units: LH 30)

 Principles and applications of UV, IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopy in the determination and elucidation of structures of organic compounds. Brief mention of hyphenated systems: GC-MS, LC-MS and LC-NMR and NMR in medicine.

CHM 317: Industrial Raw Materials Resource Inventory                   (1 Unit: LH 15)

 Survey of Nigeria’s industries and their raw material requirements. Mineral chemistry. Fossils and  their uses. Plant and animal products. Nuclear, Solar, aerodynamic/wind and hydrodynamic sources of energy. Potentials and applications of locally available raw materials as industrial feedstock.

CHM 319: Environmental Chemistry                                                    (2 Units: LH 30)

Concepts of elementary cycles. Characteristics of the atmosphere. Sources, types and effects of environmental pollution. Waste water treatment. Composition of domestic/industrial wastes and waste management. Water chemistry and analysis. Chemical and physical instrumentation in Environmental Sciences.   Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment. Green Chemistry: 12 principles . Modern and unusual methods of pollution analysis. Biodegradable macromolecules including detergents.

CHM 357: Management and Chemical Industry I                               (2 Units: LH 30)

Management Process and Methods:   The nature of management and the role with the chemical industry: management theory. Managerial association and specialization. Line and staff structure: functions and relationship. The manager’s role. Organizational structure and management structure. Authority and organization. Corporate policy and organizational  constraints  on  management  process.  The decision  process,  managerial techniques and supportive information system.  Managerial Economics:   Risk and uncertainty in decision making. The theory of production, Cost and Demand analyses and sales forecasting. Pricing. Investment decision: product diversifications. Theory of business behaviour.

CHM 355: Introductory Material Science                                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 212.

Classification and properties of industrial materials. Type of bonding and its influence on both structure and properties of materials. Manufacture and properties of solid solutions (alloys). Structure of crystalline materials, coordination number, Crystallography.

Stress-strain relationship in materials, elastic an inelastic regions, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of materials. Crystal growth and imperfections (defects). Material transformation-deformation, strengthening, electroplating and corrosion.

CHM 356: Colour and Textile Chemistry                                (3 Units: LH 30; PH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 253.

Classification of dyes and textile fibres. Natural regenerated and synthetic fibres. Physical and structural properties of fibres.  Preparatory processes: Singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization  and optical brightening. Colour and constitution. Theory of dyeing. Dyeing preparation, structure, and application of dyes. After treatments and quality control: Colour fastness.

CHM 358: Management and Chemical Industry II                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 357

An introduction to the anatomy of management; Industrial Relation; Public Relations; Industrial Psychology; Organizational Design: Management of Personnel; An introduction to the production functions; planning for productivity; General Problem solving processes and creative thinking; Analytical methods of investigation.

CHM 359: Glassblowing Practical                                                          (1 Unit: PH 45) Properties of glass in general use. Manufacturers’ symbols and what they represent. Types of glass used for laboratory wares. Identification methods, working temperatures. Coefficient of expansion, annealing, thermal resistance, correlation of these factors. Identification of basic tools, Gas supplies, safety measures, Cutting, rotation techniques, drawing simple butt joining  bulb blowing and bending, rounding off end of tube, taper drawing and reaming, ring seal and side grinding and polishing.

CHM 390: Industrial Attachment II (12 Weeks)                                               (3 Units) Students should be attached to some industrial organizations for additional 12 Weeks at the 300 Level preferably during the long vacation for more real-time relevant industrial experience. Students to be assessed based on seminar presentations, their reports and assessment by supervisors. This only applies to institutions that operate a 4-year industrial chemistry programme.

 400 LEVEL

CHM 400: Seminar in Chemistry                                                                        (2 Units) Restricted Special topics to be covered include the following:-

(1)       Mining and Metallurgy: Mineral Processing: performance and separation criteria.

Crystalline and non-crystalline structures. Metal solidification and heat treatment. Phase transformation and microstructure. Fabrication and uses of materials.

(2)       Ceramics  and  Glasses:  The  crystal  structure  of  ceramic  materials  including silicates, phosphates and nitrides, crystallization of glass formation, glass forming materials. Forming process of glass and ceramic. Chemotherapeutic agents.

(3)       Chemistry of Paints and Adhesives: Classification of paints in terms of use and constitution. The manufacturing process and principles of formulation. The paints and their physical properties. Composition and classification of adhesives. Physical properties, formulation and application of paints and adhesives.

(4)       Cement Chemistry:  Classification of cements, cement raw materials and process of manufacture. Structure of cements. Physical and chemical properties of cement. Cement production processes.

(5)       Leather  Chemistry: Chemistry of animal  skin.  Theory of tanning.  Pretanning processes. Vegetable tanning process. Materials, their properties and chemistry. Synthetic tanning materials: Chrome and other tonnages. Leather/Tanning.

(6)       Chemistry of Brewing:  Bio-organic chemistry of malting and mashing. Chemistry of hop constituents, wart boiling and hop extraction. Techniques in the brewing process.  Fermentation. Additive and preservatives. Quality control in Brewing

(7)      Soaps and Non-Soap Detergents: Introduction to surface chemistry. Micelle formation and the detergency process. The manufacturing processes of soaps and detergents. Synthetic surfactants Anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. Synthetic surfactants. Soaps and Detergents

(8)       Writing Research Proposals: Methodology and Process

*Topics may be chosen from any three of the above in addition to (8) above,

CHM 491  & 492 : Research Project   I & II                                                              (6 Units: PH 270) Research projects into selected topics in industrial chemistry. Students will be expected to carry out literature survey on chosen topics, perform experiments and produce reports. Students will be subjected to both seminar and oral examinations on their projects.

CHM 404: Group Theory and Symmetry                       (2 Units: LH 30)

Review of molecular symmetry operations. Definition of groups. Molecular symmetry groups. Introduction to the mathematical structure of groups. Group representations. Detailed study of groups Cn, Dn, Cv  and full rotation group.  Applications. General symmetry applications. Symmetry of crystal lattices, Block orbitals for infinite system.

CHM 406: Reaction Kinetics                                                           (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite –CHM 301

Review of first, second and third order rate equations. Rate constants and equilibrium constants. Collision theory, transition state theory, reaction co-ordinates. Unimolecular reaction mechanisms, bimolecular reaction mechanisms, chain reaction mechanisms; catalysis and heterogeneous reactions. Photochemical reaction mechanisms.

CHM 407: Electrochemistry                                                      (2 Units: LH 15; PH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 210 & CHM 301

Chemical Equilibria: Ionic equilibria, Conductance, theory and measurement, interpretation of data for strong and weak electrolytes, Conductance and transport processes. Thermodynamics and galvanic cells. Standard electrode potentials. Practical electrode. Molecular forces in solids and liquids: Dipole moments. Interaction potentials and . forces. Reversible galvanic cells, measurement of e.m.f. Electrode potentials and the electrochemical series. Standard state and the Nernst equation. Applications of e.m.f. measurements (excluding thermodynamic relationships). Potentiometric titration including measurement of pH. Redox reactions. The electrical double layer and its applications.

CHM 409: Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry                                       (2 Units: LH 30) Revision of proton-neutron nucleus, neutron excess, shell model and nuclear spin. Alpha, megatron, position, electron capture, gamma and internal conversion decay modes of the properties of particles produced – annihilation, range, shielding etc. Health effects, permissible dose level, risk estimates, kinetics of decay, half-life and decay curve. Detection systems, solid and liquid scintillation counting. Quenching and channels ratio correction. Natural radiations/radioactivity. Induced radioactivity – mass and energy balance including recoil. Binding energy. Fission and fusion. Reactor types classified by fuel, moderator coolant. Introduction to activation analysis. The use of isotopes in reaction mechanism and analysis.

CHM 415: Polymer Technology                                                             (2 Units: LH 30)

Large scale industrial polymerisation processes. Polymer characterization, criteria for polymer solubility, chain conformation, thermodynamics and phase equilibrium. Molecular weight size and distribution: Rheology of polymers: Mechanical properties and viscoelasticity, structure-property relationships. Polymer types. Polymer processing, injection, extrusion, compression and transfer moulding of thermoplastics. Polymer additives. Polymeric surface coatings and adhesives. Thermosetting elastomers, plasticizers, resins and extrusion, spinning, vulcanization and reinforcement. Casting, testing and quality control: Chemical analysis. Birefringence measurement physical testing.

CHM 419: Organic Synthesis                                                                 (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Reduction methods. Catalytic hydrogenation. Reduction with boron and aluminum hydrides and their analogues and derivatives. Metal reductions. Selective reduction in polyfunctional compounds. Oxidation methods. Epoxidation, hydration and Hydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative cleavage of glycol. Peroxyacids and coupling and relevance to biosynthesis. Survey of synthetic applications of organometallic compounds. Construction of synthetic routes (disconnection approach); molecular self assembly in synthesis. Hydroboration oxidation to ketones. Carboxylation reactions and protonolysis phosphorus halides and their applications. Enamines: synthesis and applications. Formation of polycyclic compounds. Aldol type reactivity and reaction of iminium salts with nucleophile. Synthesis of complex molecules. Pericyclic reactions. Methodology for the construction synthetic routes. Applications for synthesis of important and complex organic compounds.

CHM 420: Natural Products Chemistry                                                (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211, CHM 303

General methods of isolation, separation, purification and structural determination of natural products. Classifications and biogenesis. Chemistry of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, antibiotics, flavonoids. Prostaglandins and chlorophylls. Other natural products of pharmaceutical importance. Cholesteryl benzoate, liquid crystals and digital displays in computer screens, etc.

CHM 422: Physical Organic Chemistry                                                (2 Units: LH 30)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Stepwise  and  concerted  reaction  mechanism.  Kinetic  studies,  non-kinetic  studies,Nucleophilic displacement reactions. The mechanisms of SN1 , SN2 processes. The effects of structure, environment, nature of the nucleophile, solvation factors, added salt etc on the course and rates of reactions, stereochemical concepts. Ester hydrolysis – nimolecular and bimolecular processes. Linear free energy relationships. The Hammet equation; determination of constituent and reaction constants; significance and use of the signs and symbols to + 6m/P+0+6+m/o application to evaluation of mechanistic pathways.

CHM 423: Organometallic Chemistry                                                   (3 Units; LH 45)

Pre-requisites: CHM 211, CHM 303

Classification of organometallic compounds. Preparation, structure and reactions including abnormal science of organometallic compounds. Synthetic utility of organometallics. Introduction to organometallic compounds of the transition elements. Classification of ligands, electron rule, bonding, preparation of organic transition   metal compounds. Reaction and structures of organometallic compounds of transition elements. The organic chemistry of ferrocene and related compounds. The role of organometallic compounds in some catalytic reaction.

 CHM 451: Special Laboratory Methods                                   (3 Units; LH 15; PH 90)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211

Selected advanced chemistry laboratory exercises to enhance students’ knowledge and manipulative skills in modern laboratory techniques and methods – viz. Ozonolysis, hydrogenation, hydroboration – oxidation, functional groups protection and de-protection, high vacuum distillation and other separation methods. Advanced qualitative organic and inorganic analysis.

CHM 452: Structure and Coordination Chemistry                              (3 Units, LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 212

Nomenclature, coordination number. Isomerism and stability of complex compounds. Theories of structures i.e. valence bond theory, crystal field theory, molecular orbital and ligand field theories and their relations to bonding in coordination compounds. Kinetics and mechanism of complex formation. Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes as well as their magnetic properties. Preparations, reactions and structure of complexes with

– acceptor ligands such as CN, CO and NO. Applications of infrared and nmr spectroscopy to problems of coordination chemistry. Introduction to non-aqueous solvent systems; classification of solvents. Solute-solvent interactions.

CHM 453: Chemistry of Industrial Processes                                       (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 251 & CHM 252

Overview of chemical processes and products with emphasis on the nature, origin and application of the products of the chemical and allied industries. Raw materials; availability, location, energy, primary chemical products: Industrial reactions, chemical plant, process costing. Consumer and Secondary products: main uses of primary products. Legal aspects; Factory Acts. Etc. Case studies based on industries and/or chemical networks e.g. Industries: Oil, fertilizer, plastics, Detergents etc, chemical networks; Alkali, Chlorine, Fluorine, Coal/Oil etc.

CHM 454: Chemical Process Technology                                             (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 252

Mixing and agitation; liquid-liquid, solid-liquid and gas-liquid systems. Scale up. Residence distribution functions for continuous flow systems. Correlation of heat transfer data. Use of effectiveness number of transfer units applied to heat exchangers. Solvent extraction with partially mixable liquids, selection of suitable extracting agents. Column height and cross section in gas washing. Multi-component vapour-liquid equilibria, bubble points and dew points; key components partial material balances.

The approximate design of Multi-component distillation columns. Minimum reflux ration, minimum number of theoretical stages; feed point location. Rigorous simulation procedure; multi-component composition profiles. Small refinery configurations. Optimization. Case studies covering fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer processes. Linear Programming. The need for process control. Types of control; open loop, feed forward, feed-back, cascade feedback and adaptive control. Primary elements, final elements. Nature of offset; one, two and three term algorithms. Response to disturbances. Controller optimization. Control of systems with non-linear response characteristics. Direct digital control. Programmed control regimes.

CHM 455: Macromolecular Chemistry II                                             (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 253

Polymerization processes; mechanism and kinetics of free radical, ionic and stereo-specific polymerization. Additions of polymerization in bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion. Ring opening polycondensation processes. Gelation Theory. Copolymerization: Addition copolymerization, reactivity ratios, the copolymer-equation. Prediction of reactivity ratios. Degradation   of   polymers:   by   thermal,   oxidative,   photochemical   and   chemical environments. Kinetics and mechanism of degradation. Inhibitors and retarders. Biopolymers: Organization in protein and nucleic acid structures, super-cooling. Inorganic macromolecules; condensed oxyanion structures, silicates; silicon. Solution properties of macromolecules: Thermodynamics of polymers solutions. Morphology, Crystallinity and Orientation

CHM 456: Medicinal Chemistry                                                           (3 Units: LH 45) Biochemical pharmacology: Introduction. Absorption and distribution. The blood-brain barrier; placental transfer of drugs. Biotransformation of drugs, their conjugation and excretion. Factors affecting metabolism. The microsomal enzymes system. Drug-receptor interactions.  Bioassay of drugs, pharmacokinetics, the importance of plasma levels of  a drug. Drug discovery, design and development. Drug Action: Neurohumoral transmission: Neuromuscular and ganglionic blockade sympathominetics; adrenaline receptors; adrenergic neuron antagonists. Autocoids; Histamine; Serotonin; polypeptides; prostaglandins and related substances; antiallergic, antinflamatory and antipyretic agents. Generally-acting drugs. Opiates, receptors and antagonists; Dopamine receptors and antipsychotic drugs; antidepressants; anti-anxiety drugs. Selective toxicity; The basis of selective toxicity. Survey of host defence mechanisms and the use of chemotherapy. The bacterial cell membrane, effect on its permeability – role of antifungals. Folic acid and the role of anti-metabolites. Drug resistance, protein synthesis and its interference. Protozoology – parasites, life cycle of material parasite – other example of protozoal infestations. Viruses, their definition and classification. The biochemistry of viral replication. The role of interferon and other antivirals. Neoplasia – role of anticancer agents.

CHM 457: Food Chemistry                                                                     (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 211

The nature of food; vitamins, additives and adulterants; chemistry and microbiology of production processes and control; food preservation and spoilage; processing and preservation of local food stuffs; formulation and practice of food standards.

CHM 458: Agrochemical & Chemotherapeutic Agents                       (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Pesticides, fungicides, and insect sex attractants. Survey of modern approaches to pest and fungal growth control. Naturally occurring pesticides – rotenoids, pyrethrenoids. Survey of synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Insect pheromones – techniques of identification, isolation and structural determination and configuration – some synthetic analogues. Herbicides and growth regulation substances. Review of chemical groups used in growth control. Plant growth regulators. Some nitrogen containing herbicides – a review. Synthesis of selected nitrogen containing herbicides.

Chemotherapeutic Agents:   General antibiotic types. Their mode of activity. The tetracyclines or B-lactam antibiotics will be discussed with regard to source, synthetic routes, synthetic analogues, biosynthesis and mode of action. Prostaglandins. Biosynthesis of prostanoic acid, derivatives of E.F.A. and B series of prostaglandins. Synthetic approaches.

CHM 459: Photochemistry                                                                     (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 303

Energy levels. Absorption and emission of light. Interaction of radiation with matter. Spin conservation rules. Electronic excitation: Excitation of atoms in the phase, excitation of diatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules, complex  polyatomic molecules and other complexes. Selection rules, deactivation routes, energy transfer, simple reactions of stable singlet and triplet states. Reactions of species produced photochemically. Sensitization and quenching. Conventional photolysis procedure. Flash photolysis. Photosynthesis, Chemiluminescence, vision and the photographic process

CHM 460: Solid State Chemistry                                                           (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 301 & 302

Band structure of solids. Electrical, optical and magnetic properties of defects solids. Atom movement and diffusion processes. Surfaces of solids. Reactions of solids, types, kinetic characteristics and parameters. Gas-solid and solid-solid reactions. Application to pigments, semi-conductors and catalysis. Corrosion: Mechanism factors and method of monitoring, prevention and control or corrosion in petroleum and chemical industries. Introduction to stress corrosion concepts.

CHM 461: X-Ray Crystallography                                                        (3 Units: LH 45) The nature of the crystalline state. Principles and uses of x-ray diffraction from single crystals, powders, and polycrystalline materials. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry – principles and industrial applications. Electron probe. Microanalysis. Electro diffraction and the electro microscope. Neutron diffraction.

CHM 462: Chemical Physics                                                                   (3 Units: LH 45)

Pre-requisite: CHM 301

Theory of bonding in H2+ and H2: Molecular Hamiltonian, exact solution for H2+, Linear combination of atomic orbitals method, valence bond theory, comparison of valence bond

and molecular orbital theory, resonance. Coulomb and exchange integrals, evaluation of total energy. Rotation and Vibration of molecules: Rigid rotor, harmonic oscillator, morse potential, inharmonic oscillator, fundamental overtone for harmonic and inharmonic oscillators.

Heat capacities of crystals: Monatomic crystals, Einstein’s model, Einstein’s characteristic temperatures, Debye theory of crystals and heat capacity, complicated crystal structures.

CHM 463: Geochemistry                                                                         (3 Units: LH 45) Elements and its abundance. Geochemical classification of elements. Some aspects of isotope geochemistry. Introductory mineralogy and mode of occurrence of selected ores with reference to Nigeria. Physical and chemical analysis of ore. Some aspects of organic geochemistry mineral processing: practice of crushing. Sizing and concentration of mine products.

CHM 464: Mineral processing                                                                (3 Units: LH 45) Physical processing of minerals and their classification. Mineral concentration. Liquid- solid separation and aggregation. Chemical processing of minerals – unit operations, hydrometallurgical processes. Halogen processes and metallurgy; high temperature processes and metallurgical thermochemistry

 GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

In the Department of Chemical Sciences, the minimum number of credit units for the award of a degree is 120 units. A student shall therefore qualify for the award of a degree when he has met the conditions. Every full-time student should register for a minimum of 17 credit units per semester and a maximum of 24 credit units. This translates to a minimum of 34 units and a maximum of 48 units per session.